Journal of Nanoanalysis
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Mar 2020

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in medical and therapeuticapplications. However, their albumin binding and their cytotoxicity assays havenot been well explored. In his study, the interaction of NiO NPs with human serumalbumin (HSA) was explored by circular dichroism (CD) study, molecular dockingand dynamic studies. Afterwards the cytotoxicity of NiO NPs against primaryhippocampal neural cells was explored by MTT and morphological assays. TheCD experiment revealed that NiO NPs do not stimulate any significant structuralchanges within the HSA structure. The molecular docking investigation showedthat NiO nanoclusters bind to HSA molecule through hydrophilic interactions andNiO nanoclusters with different sizes show different docking scores for interactionwith HSA. The Molecular dynamic study also revealed that minor structuralchanges in HSA structure occur after interaction with NiO NPs. Cellular assaydisplayed that incubation of NiO NPs with primary hippocampal neural cells for24 h triggered a significant cytotoxicity and morphological changes. Therefore, itmay be concluded that although NiO NPs may show a strong binding affinity toHSA and do not induce a remarkable rearrangement in the structure of HSA, theymay induce some unwanted effects on the cell viability

In this research, Ni(8%)/TiO2/Zeolite NaX nanophotocatalyst was synthesized andevaluated as a desulfurizer catalyst from hydrophane 10 base oil. Various tests,including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), AtomicForce Microscopy (AFM), and BET/BJH were used to evaluate the photocatalystsynthesis process. Initially, using Design of Experiment (DOE) technique, optimuminfluential parameters were predicted, and 2D plus 3D diagrams were plotted.Then, 50 ml of oil containing 3782 ppm total sulfur, 0.6 g catalyst, 0.8 g adsorbent,and 3 h contact time were able to remove 20% of sulfur when exposed to thevisible light. Sulfur was measured at all steps using inductively coupled plasma(ICP) technique. The final results suggested that the nanophotocatalytic processis a feasible way when compared to difficult and complicated steps with harderconditions.

Inthiswork, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures have beensynthesized via amicrowave assisted solvothermalmethod using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and Ascorbic Acid (AA) in ethanol. The mole ratio ofPVP/AA was found to be critical in determining the morphology and crystal phaseof the final product. PVP/AA mole ratio varied from 1 up to 15 to obtain differentmorphologies of TiO2. The structural analysis by XRD diffraction confirmedformation of titanium dioxide. The Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis was usedto study the individual contributionsofcrystallite sizes and lattice strain on thepeak broadening of the TiO2 nanoparticles.FTIR spectrum was used to estimatethe various functional groups present in the nanostructures. Scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) images demonstrate nanoparticle, short nanorod, and longnanorods for 5,10 and 15 mole ratio of PVP/AA respectively. TiO2 nanoparticlesand nanorodshave been used as photoelectrode in dye-synthesized solar cell(DSSCs) fabrication. The efficiencies of solar cells were calculated 3.23%and4.01% for nanoparticles and nanorods, respectively.

Cationic dye Acridine orange (AO) has wide applications especially in biologicalfields such as analysis of lysosomal and mitochondria content by flow cytometryand so on. In the current work, spectroscopy of acridine orange (AO) dye at bothlow concentrations (mdye/mwater=6.25×10-5, 3.12×10-5) and high concentrations(mdye/mwater=0.002, 0.001) was studied in confined water nanodroplets withinwater/AOT/n-hexane microemulsions (MEs) at a constant water content (W=[Water]/[AOT]=10) and as a function of mass fraction of droplet (MFD) usingabsorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The absorption spectraof the dye at high concentrations of Acridine orange (AO) dye molecules showedthat the absorption spectra of the samples deviated from Beer’s law, and arebroadened at larger MFD due to the interactions of AO dye molecules. Thefluorescence spectrum investigated at two higher concentrations (0.002, 0.001)and low concentrations (6.25×10-5, 3.12×10-5). At high concentration of the dye,quenching of fluorescence intensity observed due to the accumulation of the dyemolecules, coupled with a red shift with increasing MFD. However, in the lowerconcentration regime, enhancement of fluorescence intensity was observed withincreasing MFD. The Stokes’ shift of the dye for both high and low concentrationsincreased with MFD, but largely at high concentrations compared to that at lowconcentrations.

The interaction between nanoparticles and biomolecules such as protein andDNA is one of the major instructions of nanobiotechnology research. In this study,we have explored the interaction of adenine nucleic base with a representativegolden cluster (Au13) by using dispersion corrected density functional theory(DFT-D3) within GGA-PBE model of theory. Various active sites as and ways ofthe approach as well as several affecting parameters on the interaction nature ofinteracting molecules such as adsorption energy, binding distance, solvent effectand, electronics structure were investigated. Our first-principles results indicatedthat adenine forms a stable complex with the golden cluster with interactionenergy of –42.84 kcal/mol and binding distance of 2.139 Å. Charge transferanalysis with Hirshfeld approach demonstrated about 0.52 e was transferred fromadenine to golden cluster skeleton. It was found from the obtained interactionparameters that there is strong interaction (chemisorption) between adenine andgolden cluster. The type and strength of interaction have been also confirmed byhybrid functional B3LYP level of theory. This finding is very promising for potentialmedicinal and pharmaceutical applications of golden clusters.

Co3O4/NiO@GQDs@SO3H nanocatalyst has been used as an effective catalystfor the preparation of 2,4-diamino-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivativesthrough a three-component reaction of malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes andguanidine hydrochloride under reflux conditions in ethanol. The catalyst has beencharacterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, TGA, XPS and VSM. Atom economy,reusable catalyst, low catalyst loading, applicability to a wide range of substratesand high yields of products are some of the notable features of this protocol.

Nanosilver and nanocurcumin are popular nonmaterial with increasing public attention, but their synergistic therapeutic potentials in burns have never been considered. The present study aimed to provide a novel formulation from both nanomaterials (Ag – Curcumin NPs) and conduct their preclinical evaluation for burn healing. After evaluation of particle size, loading efficiency, release profile and morphology of manufactured nanoparticles by TEM and DLS techniques , a 14 days skin irritation and corrosion test on Albino rabbits was performed based on OECD 404 guideline . The Ames Mutagenicity test was performed on 4 strains of Salmonella Typhymurium after MIC and MBC adjustments indifferent doses. For clinical efficacy, skin burn model was designed and applied in rats by providing limited standard 3rd degree burns at the back of each rabbit. Manufacture lyophilized spherical nanoparticles in the range of 20- 38 nm, with low zeta potential didn't show any significant size enlargement. The nanogel was also considered as a nonirritant and non-corrosive formulation after short term and long term dermal applications (>72 hrs.) .No mutagenic effects were also identified in all strains in the test samples of Ag - Curcumin NPs (Mutation Index=0.08-0.27). This study clearly showed the safety of Ag – Curcumin NPs nanogel in low concentrations with small dimension (16-32μg/ml). Due to the safety of proposed formulation and increased rate of wound healing by Ag-Curcumin nanogel in comparison to both control groups, this combinational formulation could be considered as a safe and effective candidate for further clinical applications.

In this study, a single-step method for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles usingAloe Vera gel extract and sunlight was investigated. The Aloe Vera gel extractis composed of pectins, lignin, and hemicellulose, which can be used in thereduction of silver ions to produce colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-AV). Thepreliminary preparation of silver nanoparticles was observed by an immediatecolor change to brown. The prepared silver nanoparticles were characterizedby transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. Additionally, thecytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of AgNPs-AV was tested. Results indicatedthe formation of stable spherical 90±40nm with a strong absorption peak appearsbetween 400 and 500 nm. 28.7 ±0.781% of breast cancer cells survived afterincubation with AgNPs-AV invitro for 72 hrs. In addition to AgNPs-AV inhibitedthe growth of the most important human skin pathogens (candida albicans,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). The largest inhibitionzone was observed for candida albicans. This method for synthesis is very fast,produces spherical colloidal silver nanoparticles having an excellent antioxidantactivity, high anticancer therapeutic index and very promising antibacterialactivity. This greenly synthesized nano-formulation has a great potential to beexplored in many different aspects.